THE KAZAKH STEPPE IN THE GEOPOLITICAL PLANS OF THE RUSSIANEMPIRE

Abstract

The article analyzes the geopolitical significance of the Kazakh Steppe for the
Russian Empire in the 19th century. It examines the intertwining aspects of history and
geopolitics within the context of integrating nomadic communities. The geostrategic position of
the steppe and the unique social structure of Kazakh society required Russia to adapt its
administrative approaches. The ideological justification of expansion as a "civilizing mission"
provided the foundation for imperial policies but also provoked social tensions. Historical
events are viewed as a basis for understanding Kazakhstan's contemporary multi-vector
relations, balancing between Russia and China. The article emphasizes the importance of
considering cultural heritage in geopolitics and diplomacy.