THE GENESIS OF THE KAZAKH STATEHOOD IN THE CONTEXT OF THEGENERAL CONCEPT OF THE EASTERN (NON-EUROPEAN)WAY OF THE EMERGENCE OF STATES

Abstract

This article examines the genesis of Kazakh statehood in the general context of  the historical process of the emergence of eastern (non-European states). The concept of the East  in historical science is used not so much as geographical, but as historical, cultural, civilizational. The specificity and nature of the emergence and functioning of institutions of 
power in the East are associated with typological characteristics, characteristics of the historical, 
ideological, ethnic, socio-cultural, natural-climatic and economic nature. These features 
constituted the Eastern, Asian (non-European) way of the emergence of states. The statehood of 
the Kazakhs is a continuation of the statehood of large nomadic empires and individual 
khanates that existed on the territory of Kazakhstan since antiquity. The emergence of 
statehood was associated not with the formation of private property and class society (the 
European way), but with the formation of early political formations such as proto-states, as a 
result of a gradual transition, the development of a tribal society into a state. These features, as 
you know, became the reason for various theories that nomadic civilizations in general, and in 
particular, Kazakhs did not have the institution of the state as such.