CONCEPT FORMATION IN THE THEORY OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CONCEPT OF SOFT POWER

Abstract

 The formation of concepts in International Relations theory is a crucial process, 
as concepts aid researchers and policymakers in interpreting and explaining the complex 
phenomena of international politics. One of the key concepts in International Relations has 
become the concept of "Soft Power," introduced by Joseph Nye in the late 1980s. The 
development of this concept provides an opportunity to trace how International Relations 
theories evolve and utilize concepts to explain changes on the global stage. 
The aim of this study is to review S. Winkler’s dissertation **"Conceptual Politics in 
Practice: How Soft Power Changed the World"** at Stockholm University. The study builds on a 
range of critical conceptual analyses, with "Soft Power" serving as a flexible, contested, and 
socially constructed concept. In her research, S. Winkler examines the process of forming the 
concept of "Soft Power," its acceptance within the academic community, and the ensuing 
debates and challenges that emerged in various political contexts.
The research includes an analysis of the methodology used in S. Winkler’s study. 
Drawing on an abductive approach, the author examines the political conceptual system. "Soft 
Power" is treated as a case study in this research. S. Winkler proposes three criteria for studying 
the validity and legitimacy of concepts: the nature of interaction (feedback loops), reification or 
practical implementation, and the transfer of concepts ("travelling").