ANCIENT TURKIC CULTURAL COMPLEX OF KAZAKHSTAN:SOME ASPECTS OF STUDYING DURING THE PERIOD OF INDEPENDENCE

Аннотация

During the period of independence, modern Kazakhstani researchers have achieved notable success in studying the material and spiritual culture of Kazakhstan during the ancient Turkic period (6th to 11th centuries). Their main focus has been on the exploration of burial and memorial sites, the material culture artifacts found within them, stone sculptures that were also associated with cultic and memorial places, as well as the study of tamga signs and Turkic runic inscriptions within our country. These types of monuments fully characterize the ancient Turkic cultural complex, as their comprehensive study allows for the reconstruction of the material and spiritual culture of the early medieval population of Kazakhstan. However, it exhibited regional variations throughout its territory.
In the Eastern and Central Kazakhstan, as well as Zhetysu, the cultural complex of the 6th to 8th centuries directly developed under the influence of the Turkic cultural traditions of the Altai and Mongolia. On the other hand, in Western Kazakhstan, it had local specificities due to the mediated influence of this tradition within the local Oghuz-Pecheneg tribes. From the 9th to the 11th centuries, the Kimak-Kipchak cultural tradition predominated almost throughout the territory of Kazakhstan, except for Zhetysu and Southern Kazakhstan, marking the distinctive features of the final stage of the ancient Turkic era. The cultural situation in the second half of the 10th to the 11th centuries in the southern and southeastern regions of the Kazakhstan is characterized by the spread of Islam and changes in the cultural processes orientation.