Application and Evaluation Criteria of Post-Quantum Cryptographic Algorithms for Security and Standardization

Abstract

This article provides a theoretical and comparative analysis of modern post-quantum cryptographic 
algorithms. Classical cryptographic schemes such as RSA and ECC are vulnerable to quantum attacks, prompting the 
urgent need for quantum-resistant alternatives. In response, the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology 
(NIST) initiated a global effort to evaluate and standardize post-quantum algorithms. The paper explores the 
architecture, security characteristics, performance, and application areas of algorithms including CRYSTALS-Kyber, 
CRYSTALS-Dilithium, Falcon, SPHINCS+, BIKE, and HQC. Each algorithm’s strengths and limitations are 
highlighted, with particular attention to their feasibility for resource-constrained devices. The research methodology 
involves a systematic review, comparative assessment, and classification analysis. The findings demonstrate the 
critical role of post-quantum cryptography in achieving long-term cybersecurity and offer insights to guide the 
adoption of future cryptographic standards.